The Concept of Ulū al-Albāb in the Qur’an for Ethical Foundation in Artificial Intelligence Development
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21111/studiaquranika.v11i1.28Kata Kunci:
Ulū al-Albāb, , AI Ethics, Qur’an, Thematic ExegesisAbstrak
Perkembangan pesat Artificial Intelligence (AI) telah membawa perubahan signifikan dalam pengambilan keputusan manusia melalui sistem otomatis. Di balik efisiensi dan inovasi yang dihasilkan, AI juga menimbulkan persoalan etika serius, seperti bias algoritmik, kurangnya transparansi, melemahnya akuntabilitas, dan potensi dehumanisasi agensi moral. Wacana etika AI kontemporer umumnya dibangun dalam kerangka sekuler–humanistik yang menekankan aspek prosedural dan teknis, namun sering kali terlepas dari orientasi metafisik dan tanggung jawab spiritual. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji konsep Ulū al-Albāb dalam Al-Qur’an sebagai landasan etika normatif yang relevan untuk pengembangan AI. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif berbasis studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan tematik. Ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an yang membahas Ulū al-Albāb dianalisis melalui tafsir klasik dan kontemporer, antara lain karya Ibn Kathīr, al-Marāghī, Ibn ‘Āshūr, Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, dan M. Quraish Shihab. Analisis dilakukan melalui tahapan ekstraksi nilai etika, sintesis konseptual, dan pemetaan relevansinya terhadap isu-isu etika AI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ulū al-Albāb merepresentasikan lima nilai etika utama, yaitu kemurnian intelektual (lubb), berpikir reflektif, kebijaksanaan etis (ḥikmah), kesadaran spiritual (taqwā), dan orientasi pada kebenaran. Nilai-nilai ini berfungsi sebagai kerangka normatif untuk membentuk tanggung jawab moral manusia dalam pengembangan AI, bukan sebagai algoritma teknis, sehingga menegaskan bahwa akuntabilitas etika AI tetap berada pada agensi manusia.
Referensi
Abd al-Bāqī, Muḥammad Fuʾād. Al-Muʿjam al-Mufahras li-Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān al-Karīm. Cairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1945.
AI Watch. Historical Evolution of Artificial Intelligence: Analysis of the Three Main Paradigm Shifts in AI. Brussels: European Commission, n.d.
Ali, Fatima, et al. “Islamic Ethics and AI: An Evaluation of Existing Approaches to AI Using Trusteeship Ethics.” Philosophy & Technology 38, no. 3 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-025-00922-4.
Amdur, Eli. “6 Critical—and Urgent—Ethics Issues with AI.” Forbes, January 24, 2024. https://www.forbes.com/sites/eliamdur/2024/01/24/6-critical--and-urgent--ethics-issues-with-ai/.
Al-Aṣfahānī, Abū al-Qāsim al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad al-Rāghib. Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān. Damascus: Dār al-Qalam, 2009.
Batool, Amna, Didar Zowghi, and Muneera Bano. “AI Governance: A Systematic Literature Review.” AI and Ethics 5, no. 3 (2025): 3265–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00653-w.
———. “Responsible AI Governance: A Systematic Literature Review.” arXiv (2023). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2401.10896.
Cheong, Ben Chester. “Transparency and Accountability in AI Systems: Safeguarding Wellbeing in the Age of Algorithmic Decision-Making.” Frontiers in Human Dynamics 6 (2024). https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2024.1421273.
Dean, Jeffrey, et al. Large Scale Distributed Deep Networks. n.d.
Drage, Eleanor, Kerry McInerney, and Jude Browne. “Engineers on Responsibility: Feminist Approaches to Who’s Responsible for Ethical AI.” Ethics and Information Technology 26, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-023-09739-1.
Ferrara, Emilio. “Fairness and Bias in Artificial Intelligence: A Brief Survey of Sources, Impacts, and Mitigation Strategies.” Sci 6, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.3390/sci6010003.
Floridi, Luciano. The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: Principles, Challenges, and Opportunities. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198883098.001.0001.
Hanna, Matthew G., et al. “Ethical and Bias Considerations in Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning.” Modern Pathology 38, no. 3 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100686.
Ibn ‘Āshūr, Muḥammad al-Ṭāhir. Al-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr. Tunis: Dār al-Tūnisiyyah li al-Nashr, 1984.
Ibn Fāris, Aḥmad ibn Fāris ibn Zakariyyā. Muʿjam Maqāyīs al-Lughah. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1979.
Indriani, Ria. “Moral and Ethical Challenges in the Utilization of Artificial Intelligence from the Perspective of Islamic Education.” 2025.
Iyer, Vish, Moe ManṢād, and Daniel Brannon. “A Value-Based Approach to AI Ethics: Accountability, Transparency, Explainability, and Usability.” Mercados y Negocios 26, no. 54 (2025): 3–12. https://doi.org/10.32870/myn.vi54.7815.
Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl ibn ʿUmar. Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm. Riyadh: Dār Ṭayyibah, 1998.
Khan, Arif Ali, et al. “AI Ethics: An Empirical Study on the Views of Practitioners and Lawmakers.” arXiv (2022). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2207.01493.
———. “Ethics of AI: A Systematic Literature Review of Principles and Challenges.” arXiv (2021). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2109.07906.
Krizhevsky, Alex, Ilya Sutskever, and Geoffrey E. Hinton. “ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks.” In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 25, 1097–1105. 2012.
Laine, Joakim, Matti Minkkinen, and Matti Mäntymäki. “Ethics-Based AI Auditing: A Systematic Literature Review on Conceptualizations of Ethical Principles and Knowledge Contributions to Stakeholders.” Information & Management 61, no. 5 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2024.103969.
Lane, Edward William. Arabic-English Lexicon. 8 vols. London: Williams and Norgate, 1863–1893.
Maiga, Mohamed Hamadikinane. “Achieving Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah through Artificial Intelligence: Mechanisms of Facilitation, Control, and Quality Assurance.” Mazahibuna (2025): 54–70. https://doi.org/10.24252/mazahibuna.vi.55038.
Maphosa, Vusumuzi. “The Rise of Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Ethical and Social Concerns.” AI, Computer Science and Robotics Technology 3 (2024). https://doi.org/10.5772/acrt.20240020.
Al-Marāghī, Aḥmad Muṣṭafā. Tafsīr al-Marāghī. Cairo: Maktabah al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1946.
Muhammad Ashraf Faheem. “Ethical AI: Addressing Bias, Fairness, and Accountability in Autonomous Decision-Making Systems.” World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 23, no. 2 (2024): 1703–11. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.2.2510.
Al-Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn. Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb (Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr). Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 2000.
Saheeh International. The Qur’an: English Translation. Jeddah: Saheeh International, 1997.
Shihab, M. Quraish. Ensiklopedi al-Qur'an: Kajian Kosakata. Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2007.
———. Tafsīr al-Miṣbāḥ: Pesan, Kesan, dan Keserasian al-Qur'an. Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2002.
Tabbassum, Ayisha, and Pradeep Chintale. “Ethical Considerations in AI Developments.” International Journal of Global Innovations and Solutions (2024). https://doi.org/10.21428/e90189c8.1d49fc86.
UNESCO. Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. Paris: UNESCO, 2021. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381137.
Zawacki-Richter, Olaf, and Insung Jung, eds. Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education. Singapore: Springer Nature, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2080-6.
Unduhan
Telah diserahkan
Diterima
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Mujib Abdurrahman, Asif Trisnani , Rezki Kaulan Maisurah, Hilma Radhia Mahmudah
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
